WHAT IS MARIJUANA?
Marijuana is a mind-altering (psychoactive)
drug, produced by the Cannabis sativa plant.
Marijuana has over 480 constituents. THC (delta-
9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is believed to be the main
ingredient that produces the psychoactive effect.
WHAT IS ITS ORIGIN?
Marijuana is grown in the United States, Canada,
Mexico, South America, Caribbean, and Asia.
It can be cultivated in both outdoor and indoor
settings.
What are common street names?
Common street names include:
• Aunt Mary, BC Bud, Blunts, Boom, Chronic, Dope,
Gangster, Ganja, Grass, Hash, Herb, Hydro, Indo, Joint,
Kif, Mary Jane, Mota, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk,
Smoke, Weed, and Yerba
What does it look like?
Marijuana is a dry, shredded green/brown mix
of flowers, stems, seeds, and leaves from the
Cannabis sativa plant. The mixture typically is
green, brown, or gray in color and may resemble
tobacco.
How is it abused?
Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (called
a joint) or in a pipe or bong. It is also smoked in
blunts, which are cigars that have been emptied
of tobacco and refilled with marijuana, sometimes
in combination with another drug. Marijuana is
also mixed with foods or brewed as a tea.
What is its effect on the mind?
When marijuana is smoked, the active ingredient
THC passes from the lungs and into the
bloodstream, which carries the chemical to the
organs throughout the body, including the brain.
In the brain, THC connects to specific sites
called cannabinoid receptors on nerve cells and
influences the activity of those cells.
Many of these receptors are found in the parts
of the brain that influence:
• Pleasure, memory, thought, concentration, sensory and
time perception, and coordinated movement
The short-term effects of marijuana include:
• Problems with memory and learning, distorted
perception, difficulty in thinking and problem-solving,
and loss of coordination
The effect of marijuana on perception and
coordination are responsible for serious
impairments in learning, associative processes,
and psychomotor behavior (driving abilities).
Long term, regular use can lead to physical
dependence and withdrawal following
discontinuation, as well as psychological addiction
or dependence.
Clinical studies show that the physiological,
psychological, and behavioral effects of
marijuana vary among individuals and present
a list of common responses to cannabinoids, as
described in the scientific literature:
• Dizziness, nausea, tachycardia, facial flushing, dry
mouth, and tremor initially
• Merriment, happiness, and even exhilaration at high
doses
• Disinhibition, relaxation, increased sociability, and
talkativeness
• Enhanced sensory perception, giving rise to increased
appreciation of music, art, and touch
• Heightened imagination leading to a subjective sense of
increased creativity
• Time distortions
• Illusions, delusions, and hallucinations are rare except
at high doses
• Impaired judgment, reduced coordination, and ataxia,
which can impede driving ability or lead to an increase in
risk-taking behavior
• Emotional lability, incongruity of affect, dysphoria,
disorganized thinking, inability to converse logically,
agitation, paranoia, confusion, restlessness, anxiety,
drowsiness, and panic attacks may occur, especially in
inexperienced users or in those who have taken a large
dose
• Increased appetite and short-term memory impairment
are common
What is its effect on the body?
Short-term physical effects from marijuana use
may include:
• Sedation, bloodshot eyes, increased heart rate,
coughing from lung irritation, increased appetite, and
increased blood pressure (although prolonged use may
cause a decrease in blood pressure).
Marijuana smokers experience serious health
problems such as bronchitis, emphysema, and
bronchial asthma. Extended use may cause
suppression of the immune system. Withdrawal
from chronic use of high doses of marijuana
causes physical signs including headache,
shakiness, sweating, and stomach pains and
nausea.
Withdrawal symptoms also include behavioral
signs such as:
• Restlessness, irritability, sleep difficulties, and
decreased appetite